The hottest shale gas will become the key developm

Shale gas: will become the key development direction of energy, price is the biggest bottleneck

in recent years, Beijing and other cities have suffered from serious haze, making natural gas replace gasoline and coal a topic of discussion for many industry insiders. The data shows that natural gas can reduce the fine particles in the air by 93% instead of gasoline; Reduce nitric oxide emissions by%; Reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 25%; Carbon monoxide emissions decreased by%. Shale gas is the natural gas extracted from shale rock. It is an important unconventional natural gas resource. In recent years, it has triggered a revolution in the United States and shaken the pattern of the world natural gas market. As the only country that has achieved large-scale commercial exploitation of shale gas, the energy structure of the United States has also undergone major changes. Abbott, director of the China Office of the U.S. Department of energy, pointed out that the core product of the next generation of energy is undoubtedly shale gas, which can also produce more cheap hydrogen. Now the shale gas revolution will bring more clean energy to the world. At the global energy security think tank forum held on August 10, Yang Kun, chief engineer of the national energy administration, said that China attaches great importance to the new changes brought about by shale gas and has formulated the 12th Five Year Plan for shale gas development, striving to make shale gas a new opportunity to improve China's energy security level. We will take addressing climate change as a major national development strategy and incorporate it into the medium - and long-term plans for national economic and social development. Vigorously develop a green economy with low-carbon emissions and recycling as its connotation, and gradually establish an industrial, construction and transportation system characterized by low-carbon emissions. Accelerate the formation of a national economic structure with high scientific and technological content, low resource consumption, and good economic and environmental benefits. Yang Kun said that in the face of climate and environmental problems, the traditional mode of energy utilization needs to be changed. By this year, the installed capacity of wind power in China has reached 76million, and shale gas and shale oil will become the key development direction in the future. According to the estimation of the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), China's shale gas reserves are the world's largest, with 36 trillion cubic meters, accounting for about 20% of the world's total reserves, far higher than the 24 trillion cubic meters reserves of the United States, which ranks second. However, due to complex geological conditions, insufficient technical funds, pricing mechanism and management, water resources contradictions and environmental pollution disputes, China's shale gas development is still very difficult. Tu Jianjun, former director of the China energy and Climate Project of the Carnegie Endowment for Peace Research in the United States, pointed out that China's special geological structure makes shale gas exploitation difficult. For example, China's shale gas resources are still out of tolerance in large and medium scale, and the time source is mainly in the southwest Sichuan Chongqing area. These places have frequent earthquakes in recent years, so we must carefully consider shale gas development. Secondly, the technological bottleneck system remains to be solved. The success of the shale gas revolution in the United States benefits from the breakthrough of horizontal well drilling and hydraulic fracturing technology. Data shows that key technologies for shale gas exploration and development have been set up in major national science and technology projects. Using the experience accumulated in the exploration and development of coalbed methane and tight gas, by the end of 2011, Chinese oil companies had conducted vertical well fracturing and gas testing in 15 shale gas wells, of which 9 had seen gas, indicating that China has preliminarily mastered the shale gas vertical well fracturing technology. However, China still has not mastered the core technologies of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, and lacks core technical talents. Shale gas wells use hydraulic fracturing technology, and the production process needs to consume a lot of water resources. However, in areas rich in shale gas resources in China, the surface conditions are poor and the population is dense. Shale gas exploitation may have the problem of competing with industry and agriculture for water. In addition, in the process of shale gas exploitation, once handled improperly, it will cause serious water pollution and soil pollution. How to effectively manage the water crisis is an urgent problem to be solved. Pipe construction is also a factor restricting the development of shale gas in China. Most shale gas in the United States is distributed near traditional oil and gas fields, so the extracted shale gas can be transported by existing pipelines, but China has no such conditions. Said Shino Tanaka, former director of the International Energy Agency. Tanaka also pointed out that price control is the biggest bottleneck. The price of gas and electricity is controlled by the government, and the price of natural gas is low, which is a great risk for private enterprises to invest and develop. Regarding the future development prospects of shale gas, Tanaka said that the shale gas revolution will change the pattern of the global energy market, and the United States will therefore become the world's largest oil and gas producer, while China, India, Japan, Europe and other countries and regions will increase their dependence on oil and gas imports. He pointed out that China's increased cooperation with other Asian countries will play an important role in global energy governance, and suggested that China, Japan and South Korea cooperate to establish an Asian natural gas price system to enhance the right to negotiate imports. Abbott believes in the report that the shale gas revolution has further improved the energy security of the United States. In order to further promote economic growth and enhance international competitive advantage, the United States will further develop and export shale gas. China's future energy security will also be greatly affected by the fact that shale gas gathering in Huaibei is an important historical stage for China to move from a middle-income country to a high-income country, and the goal revolution of building a 100 billion ceramic aluminum peak. China and the United States are further strengthening cooperation in various fields of energy, including shale gas, which will help China and the United States jointly achieve the goal of energy security. According to the 12th Five Year Plan for shale gas development, China's shale gas production will reach 6.5 billion cubic meters by 2015; By 2020, shale gas production will reach 60-100 billion cubic meters. Li Ping, director of the Institute of quantitative economics and technical economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that with the trend of globalization and the transfer of technology diffusion, China will be able to embrace the opportunities brought by the shale gas revolution